Definition: The airport apron is known as an airport ramp something like a loading dock where airplanes and other aircraft are loaded and unloaded. This is also the area where airplanes are refueled. The airport ramp is also the specific area in the airport where passengers aboard the plane And like much of the other places in an airport. it isn’t accessible to everyone in general.
The sizes of airport ramps generally depend on the size of the airport, its design, and its intended capacity. Remember that people also work on different aircrafts in the ramp or apron.
An apron is a paved strip outside the terminal or hangar used for loading or unloading passengers The requirements for the construction of aprons are similar to those of the other reinforced surface. The aprons are the most heavily loaded of all the movement area pavements. The aero plane has its maximum mass on the apron just prior to departure. The surface is subject to concentrated point loads from the wheels of standing or slowly moving aero plane. Ramp/Apron Safety: One of the biggest concerns regarding ramps is personnel, aircraft, and overall facility safety. It is quite sad that ramp accidents often occur since this area of an airport is a bit hazardous. Workers either walk into moving aircrafts or get hit by one. Several safety rules are being implemented in this working area. The size of an apron depends on the airport’s capacity, usually covering several hectares of land area. Airport Apron/Airport Ramp Management: Every vehicle and everyone that moves in airport ramp are considered ‘apron traffic’. the apron is always to be considered a work area. There is no place for loitering in this part of the airport. Since this area is rather busy one should expect accident and other incidents to occur. Thus there is a need to manage the operations of the apron. An important requirement in the design of an airport minimizing the time needed to service an aircraft after it has landed. this is especially important in the handling of short –haul aircraft where unproductive ground time can consume an unacceptably large percentage of flight time. an aircraft enters or leaves the terminal apron approximately every 2o second.Functions handled on apron:
Fixed Based Operators. Parking transient air Parking based airplanes. Loading and unloading passengers. Fueling. The important requirement that should be mainly for designing the apron: The apron should be adequate to allow quick loading and unloading of passengers and cargo. The apron should be designed so that there is sufficient space for the turnarounds activities to be performed independently of activities on an adjacent stands. The apron should permit independent movements of the aero plane on to and off stands with minimum delay. location of the apron is minimize the length and complexity the taxing between the runway and stands.
The apron area should be adequate to provide sufficient space for parking and maneuvering of the handling equipment . The negative impacts on the workers’ environment, particularly safety, noise and exhaust gases should be minimized the emphasis being the health and safety of the staff and passengers accessing aircraft across the apron. There should be a safe and effective system of airside roads for technical equipment to access the stands avoiding the need for aircraft to cross them to access the taxiway system. They should be clearly marked with the width of each lane able to accommodate the widest piece of ground equipment. The possibility of further extension of the runway system, aprons and buildings should be considered. The apron is constructed in front of terminal building allow the stands to be served by air bridges. The apron should locate at a distance from the terminal building to create comfortable ambiance in the terminal building. There are many objectives should be taken in consideration when we determine the apron location: Minimum length of taxiing of the aero planes . Minimum impact of the engine exhaust on the terminal building . Possible expansion of the apron as well as terminal building . reduce the distance from the walkway in front of terminal building to the aero plane Apron Design : The basic design of airport aprons includes application of FAA airport standards, effective design considerations. The primary considerations for apron design are: Apron Type (Terminal, Transient, Fueling, Based Aircraft and Holding). Tie down Layout . Based Aircraft . Itinerant Aircraft Factors that affect on design of apron :1 - The method for forming the square and the limits of safety crisis for the protection of passengers of the material raised from the engines and the noise and heat and smoke.
2 - Characteristics of the movement plane .(the radius of rotation) and is the plane moving stand-alone or be pulled to the download site with determining the angle and location for the building.
3 - Physical Characteristics of the plane (dimensions and points of service) .
4 - the nature and type of ground services and equipment required and how to use the form
4 - the nature and type of ground services and equipment required and how to use the form
Other Considerations include the following: Spacing of tie downs need to match size of AC that utilize airport . Wind orientation, tie downs into wind when possible . Design Group considerations . Apron design element: Taxiway : A defined path established for the taxiing of aircraft from one part of airport to another. Assume a design speed of 20 mph . Apron taxiway: A portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route across the apron.(Annex 14) Taxi lane: Portion of the aircraft parking area used for access between taxiways and aircraft parking positions Lower speeds allow for reduced safety area and object free areasTaxi lanes are located outside of the movement area. Best practice is to locate taxi lanes on edge of apron. Aircraft stand taxi lane: A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only.(Annex 14) Taxiway/Taxi lane Object Frees Are: An area on the ground centered on the taxiway and taxi lane that is provided to enhance the safety of aircraft operations. OFA Restrictions include service vehicle roads, parked aircraft, above ground objects not fixed by function
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